Fluid-controlling device.



No. 842,393. PATENTED JAN 29, 1907.

S. Z DEIERRANTI. Y FLUID CONTROLLING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I1, 1906- 6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

v e A H u" w-Q 7 PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907 s. 2. 1m PBRRANTI. FLUIDcouguzoLLme DEVICE.

PATENTED JAN. 29, 1907.

- s. 2. DB FERRANTI. I FLUID CONTROLLING DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11,1905.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

JI/II/IIIII/II/IIIII/III/Il jrwe 7210 r sebum 71 2 are z'r a nuVPATENTED JAN. 29, 1907. s. z. DB PERRANTI. FLU-ID CONTROLLING DEVIGE.

urm'onlol nun saw. n; 1005.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

, PATENTFD JAN. 29, 1901.

5 BEBBTB -BEBET 5.

2O leakage, and being exposed to considera ly t t dis osed at theconstricted portion, and I wis it to be understood that under this defi-UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' SEBASTIAN ZLANI DE LFERRANTI, or LoNDoN, ENGLAND.

FLulo-opurnoLLm'e DEVICE.

To all whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, a sub ect of the Kmg ofGreat Britain and Ireland, residing at 31 Lynd- 5 hurst road,Harnpstead, London, N. W., E land, have invented certain new and us raiul Improvements in and Relating to Fluid-Controlling Devices, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates to devices for regu lating the flow of elastic andinelastic fluids, such as steam, air, or water. Such aicontrollingdevice constructed in accordance with. my invention will, as comparedwith devices at present used, be foiuid to present a pathofi'eringsubstantially no greater resistance to the passage of the fluid, and yetat the same time the valve is of muchsmaller dimensions and weight.Moreover, with equally good fitting the device hasless loss -reducedtotal pressure, owing to the conical wall of the inletportion receivinga part of the total lon itudinal-pressure in the pipe, requires lesspower to-operate it, as will appear from the following description.

My invention consists in employing a con-- trolling valve or cock ofsmall dimensions in- -relation to the conduit'to be controlled incombination with leading in and out passages of such configuration as toproduce the required increased and decreased velocity of flow withoutsubstantial eddy loss. In other words, my invention may be defined asaVenturi tube having a controlling device and then'increases,'so long-asit is adapted,-

In conjunction with the controlling device, to." fulfil an equivalentfunction as regards the interconversion of velocity and pressure withoutsubstantial lossesdue to eddy-making, distortion, or obstructionof thestreamlines 'iand the like causes.

In app! in 'myiinvention tothecontrol of llllhl; the form of theinletand outlet pasagesor nozzles should vary-mainlanner whieh is nowwell-understood. in connec- Patented Jan. 29, 1 907.

tion with the Venturi water-meter, which may be said to consist of asimple Venturi I tube perforated atthe constricted portion to produceany as irating effect. In dealing with elastic fluir s, however, I havefound the change of form may take place in a more abrupt manner, andconsequently some reduction in the len th of nozzles may be efl'ectedwithout materially altering the efficiency of the device. In deal' withboth classes of fluid it is important, with a view to preventing eddies,that the orifices of the nozzles shall be exactly opposite to oneanother, and if the valve used is one having a guide-passage it isimportant that this shall exactl register with the orifices of thenozzles, andI provide accordingly.

Referring'now to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate myinvention and form tional elevation of a strai htway controlling deviceconstructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevationof the controlling device shown inFig. 1,, the section being takenthrough the center line A A of that figure. Figs. 3 and 4 are alsomodifications of the t e 7 of controlling device shown in Fig. 1, t lievalve bein of Wedgetion, and Fig. 6 a corresponding horizontal section,of a controlling device provided with a plug-valve. Fig. 7 is anillustration showing the change in the form of the nozzle-orifice of theplug-valve-cont'rolling device shown in Figs. 5 and 6. Fig.- 8 is adetail the osition of theplug in the valves shown in 5 and 6 when thevalve is open. Fig. 9 shows a sectional elevation of a rightangledcontrolling device constructed according to my invention. Fig. 10 is apartsectional elevation of a controlling device provided with removableseats, Fig. 11 being a corresponding sectional elevation.

In the drawings im'ilar 'parts'are by thesame letters.

In 'ca 'my invention into effect according to the form shown in Figs. 1'and 2 I make the valve-ope d of less-say one- .half-.diameter' than t epipe I), the flow through which it is desired to control. I formnozzle-passages a lea to and from the valve, the complete duct t usforming a Venturi tube. The outward ends of the nozzle-passages'a are ofthe same diameter .asthe-pipe b, and the passage throughthe denotedshaped section. Fig. 5 is a sect onal ele'va-' part of my specification,Figure 1 is a secview of a registering arrangement for fixing IIO =structure is of such length and section from Y point to point as willconvert the velocity and pressure of the fluid infthepipp atone sideinto a correspondingly greatferj velocity. and less pressure at thepoint wher'e'it reaches the valve and then allow it to pass thrdugh thevalve-opening at maximum velocity, the reverse 'nozzle reconverting the,velocity into pressure. The net loss of ressure v with1prroperly-proportioned nozzles eading to and 1 if theseare accuratelymachined and polished soas to-givethe best results. *I ma'ylguse anordinary pattern of sluice valve between the nozzles; but'I prefer touse a valve 0 in the formof a diaphragmplate commonly calleda gate.At'one portion of this plate there is a hole (1, leading straightthrough, and this comes 0 posite valve is full 0 en and presents asmooth.

' I path from nozz e tonozzle. In closing, the

diaphragm plat is-lnoved across the surfaces by operat n a hand-wheel g,attached to a screwed s in le 4, which engages with a nut'situatedin thediaphragm-platen A cover kprevents leakage of the working fluid 9around, the spindle e.

When a controlling device constructed in a line of pipes, it will beevident that'unless special precautions are taken the stresses inducedby changes of temperature, for example, may cause fracture to take placeat the abnormally-reduced.size of that part. v To avoid thiscontingency, whether arising from the above or other cause, I-strengthenthe shell of the controlling device, preferably number and proportionsof whic preclude the ossibility offracture.

1 in any case. a is'desired that the fluid should leave the controllingdevice at a lower Velocity than, that at which it has reached it, Imakethe nozzle portioncoming from the J valve expand to a greater. areathan that on the other side. of theIvalve, and in this way liquid may bedischarged in quantity without 5 its leaving at an inconveniently-highrate of flOW... l i Thev amount of reduction from the pipe area to thethroat area will vary accor to the class of fluid dealt with by thecontro 'ng' device; It may.alsobe varied accordinglto the .dro ofpressure which is permissi le Thus wliere a drop of pressure isunimportant the throat may be of considerably which I have given above,and vice vefsa.

Fig. .3 is an illustration of the form of valve which may be used when.a wedgeshaped valve ="is desired"as, for instance,-

when the fluid to be dealt with is cold. In

6 5 Fig. 3 thegate c is slightly tapered in,the fit- "valve om the valvewill be very small, especiallyv to and connects the two nozzles w en theaccordance with my invention is inserted in the throat of the controllindevice, owing to by providing ribs Z, suitably dis osed, the.

smaller area relatively than the example part It, thus leaving a smallring clearance ro 1nd the end of each nozzle .when the is open. Thisarrangement will, however, cause sorne-eddyin'g'and to that extent isless advantageous than-other valves herein described;

In the gate is inade in three parts,--

the wqr g faces 1) and 9 being of a'circular or other suitable shape ontheir inner sides and resting in correspondingly-formed surfaces. Thisarrangement allows the gatefaces .1) and gto accommodate themselves tothe workin surfaces. In practice it is found -that the reduction in cantake place in smaller length than the inarea of the inlet-nozzle creaseof-area of the outlet nozzle without materially affecting theefliciency, and in.

Fig. 3 a controllingd'evice is shown in the I construction of whichadvantage is taken of the above-mentioned result to shorten 1n ateriallythe length of the inlet-nozzle My invention may be employed inconnection with plug-cocks, as illustrated in Figs. 5,

6, 7, and 8. A plug 0 is provided having an:

orifice (Z of approximately elliptical form.- The nozzles 11. arepreferablyformed at their larger diameters of circular section, whichchanges in a gradual manner to a section orifice, this chan e of sectionbeing illustrated in Fig.7. sential that the section through the nozzlesshould be regular throughout the path as long as it varies in a' gradualmanner and presents no" interruption or irregularities of sur-' whichexactly corresponds to the plug-cock t is found that it is not es ICCmethod I attach to the ends of the controlling device by any suitablemeans'fianges 7, Fig. 9,or other connectin -pieces, the faces of theflanges being incline at about an angle of forty-five de ees to theaxis. "In some cases it is desirai s;- 10 and 11, ofsuitable n1 aterialand prefera ly of annular These seats are screwed into the leoto haveremovable seats, and then I provide seats 1, Fig,

valvebody y means of a suitable'key-span-ff I:

ner, which is provided with projections en-v gaging with recesses 4 inthe-seats .1. l'n

10 the inner peripheries. of the seats. form parts of the nozzle-paths.v of myinvention shown in these figures the In the-form,

gate or valve is made up'of three ieces. The

working faces p and q" are provi ed, respec.- tively, Withasocket-pieces and a spigotiece 1" which en a e with one another ascontrollin devices for elastic and non-elastic senceof splashing.

shown, a spring t being interposed in order to press the faces p and 9against their seats. An eye 11., attached to the spindle e, encirclesthe socket-piece s, the bearing surfaces in contact therewith beingslightly convex, as shown. The eye it has attached to it a member 8,having a passage-way (7 therethroiigh adapted to register with theadjacent seats I, forming parts of the nozzles a, when the valve isopened. In this form of my invention, as in others hereinbeforedescribed, the valve casing or body 9 is preferably formed inttpgralwith the nozzles a, forming Venturi tu e.

From the foregoing description it will be evident that my inventionlends itself to general application and can be applied to fluids. T efacility with which it can be adapted to meet widely-different sets ofconditions forms a special feature. Thus it may also'be effectivelyapplied to a servicetap, and is especially suitable in thosecircumstances where it is desired to. avoid splashing"e. 9., owing tothe water entering a receiving vessel with a high velocity. In this caseby suitably proportioning the outlet-nozzle the water can be made toenter the vessel quietly and with an entire ab-.

When the fluid to be dealt with is hot such, for example, as steam it isfound that the unequal expansion causes warping of the valve-seats. Tocounteract this defect, I have described and illustrated above gates orvalves so constructed as to accommodate themselves to the valve-seats, aform which allows my invention to be applied eiiiciently to controllingdevices for steam or other high-temperature fluids.

A controlling device constructed in accordance with the above principlespossesses the following advantages, among others: first, that the weightand cost of the device are substantially decreased; second, that lesspower is required to operate it, and, third, that the perimeter ofleakage is reduced.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and. desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination, a Venturi tube and a fluid-controlling deviceoperatively disposed between the converging and diverging nozzles ofsaid tube.

2. In combination in a pipe-line, a Venturi tube and a fluid-controllingdevice operatively disposed between the (-(HlVQ-Igil'lg and divergingnozzles of said tube, the diameters of the larger ends of said nozzlesbeing about equal respectively to those of the corresponding portions ofthe pipe-line.

3. In combination, a Venturi tube, the

converging nozzle of which is short er than the divergin nozzle togetherwith a fluid-con trolling evice operatively dlsposed between said.nozzles.

4. In a pipe-line, a structure comprising a faces.

ture being of substantially equal strength to that of the pipe-line asregards resistance to certain mechanical stresses.

7. In a pipe-line, a structure comprising a Venturi tube and afluid-controlling dev1ce operatively disposed between the converging anddiverging nozzles of said tube, certain parts of said structure beingribbed to maintain the strength of the i e-line.

8. In combination, a enturi tube and a fluid-controlling deviceoperatively disposed between. the converging and diverging nozzlesoisaid tube, and having a body or casing formed integral with saidnozzles.

9. In a pipe-line, a structure comprising a Vent uri tube and afluid-controlling dev1ce operatively disposed between the converging anddiverging nozzles of said tube, said controlling device including a parthavingan aperture therethrough; and means for re istering said aperturewith the adjacent ends of said nozzles.

10. In combination, a Venturi tube and a sluice-valve operativelydisposed between the converging and diverging nozzles of said tube.

1]. In combination, a Venturi tube and a fluid-controlling deviceoperatively disposed between the conver ing and diverging nozzles ofsaid tube, sai controlling device having a body or casing and a memberslidable fluid-tight relatively thereto. v

12. In combination, a Venturi tube and valve means operativelydisposedbetween thp) convergin and diverging nozzles of said t-u e. v

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI. WVitnesses:

W. J. NORWOOD, WALTER J. SKERTEN.

